Indeed, the court historians go to unheard of lengths to document the intimate and erotic relationship the couple enjoyed. Although his father's rule was generally peaceful, the empire was experiencing challenges by the end of his reign. Shah Jahan reversed this trend by putting down a Islamic rebellion in Ahmednagar, repulsing the Portuguese in Bengal, capturing the Rajput kingdoms of Baglana and Bundelkhand to the west and the northwest beyond the Khyber Pass.
Ahmadnagar was taken in , Golkonda in , and Bijapur in In the northwest, however, imperial armies were unsuccessful. The attempt in to annex Balkh and Badakshan, ancestral possessions of Babur, the founder of the Mogul Empire, failed. Shah Jahan had three wives.
His second wife, Mumtaz Mahal, whom he had married in , died in She had been the mother of 14 of his 16 children. It was to her memory that the Taj Mahal was built. In this most beautiful of the world's tombs, the minutest detail has been carefully thought out and executed with tireless precision.
In inscribing texts from the Koran round the tall doorways, the artists have shown themselves such masters of perspective that the letters 30 feet or more above the line of the eye appear to be exactly of the same size as those a foot above the floor level. Onyx, jasper, cornelian, carbuncle, malachite, lapis lazuli, and other precious stones are studded in the mosaic.
It has been described as "A Dream in Marble. Within the fort is the Hall of Public Audience, and here Shah Jahan sat on the Peacock Throne, which consisted entirely of jewels and precious metals and stones. He surprised his world by taking an interest in architecture. An anecdote is told that he himself built his quarters in the Fort of Kabul, but also by proposing various internal arrangements to the fort of Agra.
In , at the age of 25, he took the reins of an army and conquered the Deccan against Loddi, a victory that allowed his father to expand his territory on the southern border of the Empire.
His father rewarded him with the title of "Bahadur Shah Jahan", which indicated to all that he was the favorite to succeed to the throne. Subsequently he increased his aura by winning different victories, still widening a little more the historical territory of the Mughals , but without ever reaching, however, to extend towards the West. It was in that he took power, succeeding his father Jahangir, who died in The end of his father was not easy, as was the case for all these predecessors and some successors.
In fact, Jahangir's wife had become, over the years, the true governess of the Empire, her husband having fallen into drugs such as opium and alcohol. When he became ill, she was afraid of being out of power, Khurram being eager to take over.
So she married the girl she had had from a first marriage with another son of Jahangir, Shahryar, hoping to have a male heir at his command. Which means More seriously, his reign is considered that of the climax of the Mughals. It had the characteristic of being that of the maximum extension of the Empire thanks to the levies of soldiers and the multiplication of the external conflicts.
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